Correct Answer: A) He said that he was writing a letter.
Explanation: The reporting verb ‘said’ is in the past tense. Therefore, the present continuous tense (‘am writing’) in the direct speech changes to the past continuous tense (‘was writing’). The pronoun ‘I’ changes to ‘he’ corresponding to the subject of the reporting verb.
2. She said to me, “Do you know him?”
She asked me if I knew him.
She asked me that if I knew him.
She told me that whether I know him.
She asked me if I know him.
Correct Answer: A) She asked me if I knew him.
Explanation: This is an interrogative (Yes/No) question. The reporting verb ‘said to’ changes to ‘asked’. The conjunction ‘if’ or ‘whether’ is used. The interrogative sentence ‘Do you know him?’ changes into an assertive sentence, and the simple present tense (‘know’) changes to the simple past tense (‘knew’).
3. The teacher said, “The Earth moves around the Sun.”
The teacher said that the Earth moved around the Sun.
The teacher said that the Earth is moving around the Sun.
The teacher said that the Earth moves around the Sun.
The teacher told that the Earth moves around the Sun.
Correct Answer: C) The teacher said that the Earth moves around the Sun.
Explanation: When the direct speech expresses a universal truth or a scientific fact, the tense of the verb does not change, even if the reporting verb is in the past tense.
4. He said to his friend, “Please wait here till I return.”
He requested his friend to wait there till he returned.
He told his friend to wait here till he returns.
He requested his friend for waiting there till he returned.
He asked his friend to wait there till I returned.
Correct Answer: A) He requested his friend to wait there till he returned.
Explanation: This is an imperative sentence expressing a request. ‘Said to’ changes to ‘requested’. The verb in the direct speech changes to its infinitive form (‘to wait’). ‘Here’ changes to ‘there’, ‘I’ changes to ‘he’, and ‘return’ (simple present) changes to ‘returned’ (simple past).
5. “What a beautiful sight!” he said.
He exclaimed that what a beautiful sight it was.
He exclaimed with joy that it was a very beautiful sight.
He exclaimed that it is a very beautiful sight.
He exclaimed what a beautiful sight it is.
Correct Answer: B) He exclaimed with joy that it was a very beautiful sight.
Explanation: In exclamatory sentences, ‘said’ changes to ‘exclaimed with joy/sorrow/wonder etc.’. The exclamatory sentence is converted into an assertive one, and ‘What a…’ is replaced by ‘very’ or ‘great’. The tense changes from present to past (‘is’ implied, changes to ‘was’).
6. My father said to me, “Don’t waste your time.”
My father ordered me not to waste my time.
My father advised me not to waste my time.
My father told me to not waste your time.
My father forbade me to waste your time.
Correct Answer: B) My father advised me not to waste my time.
Explanation: This is a negative imperative sentence giving advice. ‘Said to’ changes to ‘advised’. ‘Don’t’ is replaced by ‘not to’. The pronoun ‘your’ changes to ‘my’ to correspond with the object ‘me’. ‘Forbade’ could also be used, but then it would be ‘forbade me to waste my time’ (without ‘not’).
7. He said, “I have passed the examination.”
He said that he had passed the examination.
He announced that he has passed the examination.
He said that he had to pass the examination.
He said that I had passed the examination.
Correct Answer: A) He said that he had passed the examination.
Explanation: The reporting verb ‘said’ is in the past. The present perfect tense (‘have passed’) in the direct speech changes to the past perfect tense (‘had passed’). ‘I’ changes to ‘he’.
8. The captain said to the soldiers, “March forward.”
The captain requested the soldiers to march forward.
The captain told the soldiers that they should march forward.
The captain commanded the soldiers to march forward.
The captain ordered to the soldiers to march forward.
Correct Answer: C) The captain commanded the soldiers to march forward.
Explanation: This is an imperative sentence giving a command. The reporting verb ‘said to’ is appropriately changed to ‘commanded’ given the context of a captain and soldiers. The verb ‘march’ is changed to its infinitive form ‘to march’.
9. He said, “Let us go for a walk.”
He suggested that we should go for a walk.
He said that let us go for a walk.
He proposed to go for a walk.
He asked if we could go for a walk.
Correct Answer: A) He suggested that we should go for a walk.
Explanation: When ‘Let us’ indicates a suggestion or proposal, the reporting verb is changed to ‘suggested’ or ‘proposed’. The reported speech is introduced by ‘that’ and ‘us’ is changed to ‘we’ or ‘they’, followed by ‘should’.
10. I said to him, “Where are you going?”
I asked him where he was going.
I asked him that where he was going.
I asked him where was he going.
I told him where he was going.
Correct Answer: A) I asked him where he was going.
Explanation: This is a WH-question. ‘Said to’ changes to ‘asked’. The WH-word (‘Where’) acts as the conjunction. The interrogative structure (‘are you going’) is changed to an assertive structure (‘he was going’), and the tense changes from present continuous to past continuous.
11. She said, “I will be using the car tomorrow.”
She said that she would be using the car tomorrow.
She said that she would be using the car the next day.
She said that she will be using the car the next day.
She told that she would be using the car the next day.
Correct Answer: B) She said that she would be using the car the next day.
Explanation: The future continuous tense (‘will be using’) changes to the conditional continuous (‘would be using’). The time adverb ‘tomorrow’ changes to ‘the next day’ or ‘the following day’.
12. He said, “Alas! I am undone.”
He exclaimed sadly that he was undone.
He said with sorrow that I am undone.
He exclaimed that he is undone.
He cried that he was undone.
Correct Answer: A) He exclaimed sadly that he was undone.
Explanation: ‘Alas’ expresses sorrow. So, ‘said’ changes to ‘exclaimed sadly’ or ‘exclaimed with sorrow’. The interjection is removed, and the exclamatory sentence becomes assertive. ‘am’ changes to ‘was’, and ‘I’ changes to ‘he’.
13. The boy said, “I did my homework yesterday.”
The boy said that he did his homework the previous day.
The boy said that he has done his homework the previous day.
The boy said that he had done his homework yesterday.
The boy said that he had done his homework the previous day.
Correct Answer: D) The boy said that he had done his homework the previous day.
Explanation: The simple past tense (‘did’) in the direct speech changes to the past perfect tense (‘had done’). ‘Yesterday’ changes to ‘the previous day’ or ‘the day before’. ‘My’ changes to ‘his’.
14. She said, “May you live long!”
She prayed that my life might be long.
She prayed that I might live long.
She wished that I may live long.
She said that may I live long.
Correct Answer: B) She prayed that I might live long.
Explanation: This is an optative sentence expressing a wish or prayer. ‘Said’ changes to ‘prayed’ or ‘wished’. ‘May’ changes to ‘might’. The pronoun ‘you’ is assumed to refer to the listener (me), so it changes to ‘I’.
15. “Call the first witness,” said the judge.
The judge commanded them to call the first witness.
The judge commanded to call the first witness.
The judge commanded that the first witness be called.
The judge commanded them for calling the first witness.
Correct Answer: A) The judge commanded them to call the first witness.
Explanation: This is an imperative sentence. The reporting verb is changed to ‘commanded’. An object ‘them’ is implied (the judge is speaking to court officials). The verb ‘Call’ becomes ‘to call’. Option C is also grammatically correct (using the subjunctive mood) but A is more direct and common.
16. The poor man said, “O God, have mercy on my soul.”
The poor man exclaimed that God have mercy on his soul.
The poor man told God to have mercy on his soul.
The poor man prayed to God to have mercy on his soul.
The poor man prayed that God might have mercy on his soul.
Correct Answer: D) The poor man prayed that God might have mercy on his soul.
Explanation: This is an optative sentence (a prayer). A common structure for this is ‘prayed that God might…’. ‘My’ changes to ‘his’. Option C is also plausible but D is a more formal and complete conversion for prayers directed at God.
17. I said to my mother, “I will certainly take you to Bengaluru this week.”
I told my mother that I would certainly take her to Bengaluru that week.
I told my mother that he would certainly take her to Bengaluru that week.
I told my mother that I will certainly take her to Bengaluru this week.
I told to my mother that I would certainly take her to Bengaluru that week.
Correct Answer: A) I told my mother that I would certainly take her to Bengaluru that week.
Explanation: ‘Said to’ changes to ‘told’. ‘will’ changes to ‘would’. ‘you’ (referring to mother) changes to ‘her’. ‘this week’ changes to ‘that week’.
18. He said, “I have been working here for a long time.”
He said that he was working there for a long time.
He said that he had been working there for a long time.
He said that he have been working here for a long time.
He told that he had been working there for a long time.
Correct Answer: B) He said that he had been working there for a long time.
Explanation: The present perfect continuous tense (‘have been working’) changes to the past perfect continuous tense (‘had been working’). ‘here’ changes to ‘there’.
19. “Why are you making a noise?” said the teacher to the boy.
The teacher asked the boy why was he making a noise.
The teacher asked the boy that why he was making a noise.
The teacher asked the boy why he was making a noise.
The teacher told the boy why he was making a noise.
Correct Answer: C) The teacher asked the boy why he was making a noise.
Explanation: This is a WH-question. ‘said to’ changes to ‘asked’. The interrogative structure ‘are you making’ becomes assertive ‘he was making’. The conjunction ‘that’ is not used with WH-words.
20. The doctor said to the patient, “Take complete rest.”
The doctor told the patient to take complete rest.
The doctor advised the patient to take complete rest.
The doctor suggested the patient to take complete rest.
The doctor asked the patient to be taking complete rest.
Correct Answer: B) The doctor advised the patient to take complete rest.
Explanation: In the context of a doctor and a patient, the imperative sentence is best reported using ‘advised’. The verb ‘Take’ becomes ‘to take’.
21. He says, “I am glad to be here this evening.”
He says that he was glad to be there that evening.
He says that he is glad to be here this evening.
He said that he was glad to be there that evening.
He says he is glad to be there that evening.
Correct Answer: B) He says that he is glad to be here this evening.
Explanation: The reporting verb ‘says’ is in the present tense. Therefore, the tense of the direct speech does not change. However, if the context implies a different location/time from the speaker’s perspective, ‘here’ and ‘this evening’ might change. But strictly by rule, if reporting verb is in present/future, tense and adverbs of time/place do not change.
22. The stranger said to me, “Can you show me the way to the station?”
The stranger asked me if I could show him the way to the station.
The stranger asked me can I show him the way to the station.
The stranger told me to show him the way to the station.
The stranger asked me if I can show him the way to the station.
Correct Answer: A) The stranger asked me if I could show him the way to the station.
Explanation: This is an interrogative sentence. ‘Said to’ becomes ‘asked’. ‘if’ is used as a conjunction. ‘Can’ changes to ‘could’. ‘you’ changes to ‘I’ and ‘me’ changes to ‘him’.
23. She said, “I must go now.”
She said that she must go then.
She said that she had to go then.
She said that she would have to go then.
She said that she must have gone then.
Correct Answer: B) She said that she had to go then.
Explanation: When ‘must’ expresses necessity or compulsion, it is changed to ‘had to’. ‘Now’ changes to ‘then’. Option A is sometimes accepted, but ‘had to’ is the more standard conversion.
24. The teacher said to the students, “You must obey your parents.”
The teacher told the students that they had to obey their parents.
The teacher told the students that they must obey their parents.
The teacher advised the students that they should have to obey their parents.
The teacher told the students to obey your parents.
Correct Answer: B) The teacher told the students that they must obey their parents.
Explanation: When ‘must’ expresses a moral duty, a universal law, or a permanent command, it remains unchanged in the indirect speech. ‘You’ changes to ‘they’ and ‘your’ changes to ‘their’.
25. “Hurrah! We have won the match,” they said.
They exclaimed with joy that they had won the match.
They said that they have won the match.
They exclaimed with joy that we had won the match.
They told that they had won the match.
Correct Answer: A) They exclaimed with joy that they had won the match.
Explanation: ‘Hurrah’ expresses joy, so ‘said’ changes to ‘exclaimed with joy’. The interjection is removed. Present perfect (‘have won’) changes to past perfect (‘had won’). ‘We’ changes to ‘they’.
26. He said, “I was doing my homework when the bell rang.”
He said that he was doing his homework when the bell had rung.
He said that he had been doing his homework when the bell rang.
He said that he did his homework when the bell rang.
He said that he was doing his homework when the bell rang.
Correct Answer: B) He said that he had been doing his homework when the bell rang.
Explanation: The past continuous (‘was doing’) changes to past perfect continuous (‘had been doing’). The simple past (‘rang’) in the time clause often remains unchanged, or can also change to past perfect (‘had rung’), but B is the most common and logical conversion.
27. My friend said to me, “Will you not help me?”
My friend asked me if I would not help him.
My friend told me that I would not help him.
My friend asked me if he would not help me.
My friend asked me that I would not help him.
Correct Answer: A) My friend asked me if I would not help him.
Explanation: A negative interrogative sentence follows the same rules. ‘Said to’ becomes ‘asked’. ‘if’ is used. ‘Will’ becomes ‘would’. ‘you’ becomes ‘I’, and ‘me’ becomes ‘him’.
28. The policeman said to the thief, “Where have you hidden the stolen goods?”
The policeman enquired the thief where he had hidden the stolen goods.
The policeman asked the thief where he has hidden the stolen goods.
The policeman asked the thief where had he hidden the stolen goods.
The policeman asked the thief where he had hidden the stolen goods.
Correct Answer: D) The policeman asked the thief where he had hidden the stolen goods.
Explanation: ‘said to’ can be changed to ‘asked’ or ‘enquired’. Present perfect (‘have hidden’) changes to past perfect (‘had hidden’). The question form ‘have you hidden’ changes to the statement form ‘he had hidden’. Option A is almost correct but ‘enquired of the thief’ would be more standard phrasing.
29. The master said to his servant, “Bring me a glass of water.”
The master requested his servant to bring him a glass of water.
The master ordered his servant to bring him a glass of water.
The master told his servant that bring him a glass of water.
The master asked his servant to bring me a glass of water.
Correct Answer: B) The master ordered his servant to bring him a glass of water.
Explanation: The relationship between master and servant implies a command. So, ‘ordered’ is the most suitable reporting verb. ‘me’ changes to ‘him’.
30. He said, “I came here yesterday.”
He said that he had come there the previous day.
He said that he came there yesterday.
He said that he had come here the previous day.
He said that he came here the day before.
Correct Answer: A) He said that he had come there the previous day.
Explanation: Simple past (‘came’) changes to past perfect (‘had come’). ‘here’ changes to ‘there’. ‘yesterday’ changes to ‘the previous day’ or ‘the day before’.
31. “Let me go,” he said to his captors.
He told his captors to let him go.
He requested his captors to let him go.
He requested that he might be allowed to go.
Both B and C are correct.
Correct Answer: D) Both B and C are correct.
Explanation: When ‘Let’ expresses a request or permission, it can be converted in two ways. One is by using ‘requested’ followed by an infinitive construction (‘to let him go’). Another way is by using ‘requested that he might be allowed to…’. Both forms are grammatically correct.
32. He said, “Good morning, my friend.”
He told good morning to his friend.
He wished his friend good morning.
He said that good morning to his friend.
He greeted his friend good morning.
Correct Answer: B) He wished his friend good morning.
Explanation: Greetings like ‘Good morning’, ‘Good evening’, etc., are reported using the verb ‘wished’. The structure is ‘Subject + wished + object + greeting’.
33. I will say to my friend, “I have started a new job.”
I will tell my friend that I had started a new job.
I will tell my friend that I have started a new job.
I would tell my friend that I had started a new job.
I will say to my friend that I have started a new job.
Correct Answer: B) I will tell my friend that I have started a new job.
Explanation: The reporting verb ‘will say’ is in the future tense. Therefore, the tense of the direct speech (‘have started’) does not change. ‘say to’ changes to ‘tell’.
34. He said, “I saw a tiger here.”
He said that he saw a tiger there.
He said that he had seen a tiger here.
He said that he had seen a tiger there.
He says that he had seen a tiger there.
Correct Answer: C) He said that he had seen a tiger there.
Explanation: Simple past (‘saw’) changes to past perfect (‘had seen’). ‘here’ changes to ‘there’.
35. She said, “I’m sorry I’m late.”
She apologized for being late.
She said that she was sorry she was late.
She apologized that she was late.
Both A and B are correct.
Correct Answer: D) Both A and B are correct.
Explanation: When the direct speech contains an apology, it can be reported directly by changing the tense and pronouns (Option B). A more concise way is to use the verb ‘apologized’ followed by a prepositional phrase (‘for being late’), as in Option A. Both are valid ways to report the sentence.
36. He said, “I needn’t go there.”
He said that he needn’t go there.
He said that he didn’t have to go there.
He said that he wouldn’t have to go there.
Both A and B are correct.
Correct Answer: D) Both A and B are correct.
Explanation: The modal ‘needn’t’ (meaning ‘it is not necessary’) can either remain unchanged in indirect speech or be changed to ‘didn’t have to’. Both convey the same meaning.
37. “What a fool I am!” he said.
He confessed that what a fool he was.
He exclaimed that he was a great fool.
He confessed that he is a great fool.
He exclaimed what a fool I am.
Correct Answer: B) He exclaimed that he was a great fool.
Explanation: This is an exclamatory sentence. ‘said’ is changed to ‘exclaimed’. The sentence is converted to an assertive one, with ‘What a…’ being replaced by ‘a great’ or ‘a very’. Pronoun and tense changes (‘I am’ -> ‘he was’) are applied.
38. She said to him, “Congratulations!”
She told him congratulations.
She said to him that congratulations.
She congratulated him.
She wished him congratulations.
Correct Answer: C) She congratulated him.
Explanation: For certain expressions like ‘Congratulations’, ‘Thank you’, ‘Welcome’, we can use a reporting verb that directly expresses the action. ‘She said “Congratulations!”‘ becomes ‘She congratulated him’.
39. The boy said, “Who dares to call me a thief?”
The boy asked who dared to call him a thief.
The boy enquired who had dared to call him a thief.
The boy wondered who dared to call him a thief.
The boy asked who dares to call him a thief.
Correct Answer: A) The boy asked who dared to call him a thief.
Explanation: ‘Dared’ here is used as a modal in the past form and often remains unchanged. The sentence is interrogative, so ‘asked’ is appropriate. The pronoun ‘me’ changes to ‘him’. The overall structure becomes assertive.
40. The officer said, “Let the files be brought.”
The officer said to bring the files.
The officer ordered for the files to be brought.
The officer ordered that the files should be brought.
Both B and C are correct.
Correct Answer: D) Both B and C are correct.
Explanation: When ‘Let’ is used to give an order or command, especially in a passive construction, it can be reported using ‘ordered’ followed by an object and infinitive (‘ordered for the files to be brought’) or by a ‘that’ clause with ‘should’ (‘ordered that the files should be brought’).
41. The hermit said, “May God bless you.”
The hermit prayed that God might bless me.
The hermit wished that God would bless you.
The hermit said that God may bless me.
The hermit prayed that God bless me.
Correct Answer: A) The hermit prayed that God might bless me.
Explanation: This is an optative sentence. ‘Said’ becomes ‘prayed’. The conjunction ‘that’ is used. ‘May’ changes to ‘might’, and ‘you’ changes to ‘me’ (assuming the hermit is speaking to the narrator).
42. “Can you ride a bicycle?” I asked her.
I asked her could she ride a bicycle.
I asked her whether she could ride a bicycle.
I asked her if could she ride a bicycle.
I asked her that if she could ride a bicycle.
Correct Answer: B) I asked her whether she could ride a bicycle.
Explanation: In a Yes/No question, ‘if’ or ‘whether’ is used. The interrogative form (‘Can you…’) changes to the assertive form (‘…she could’). ‘Can’ changes to ‘could’.
43. The accused said to the judge, “Let me meet my children before I die.”
The accused requested the judge to let him meet his children before he died.
The accused begged the judge that he might be allowed to meet his children before he died.
The accused told the judge to allow him to meet his children.
Both A and B are correct.
Correct Answer: D) Both A and B are correct.
Explanation: This is a request using ‘Let’. ‘Said to’ can change to ‘requested’ or ‘begged’. It can be reported using an infinitive construction (‘to let him meet…’) or with a ‘that’ clause (‘that he might be allowed to meet…’). The simple present ‘die’ changes to simple past ‘died’.
44. He said, “I was a student here.”
He said that he had been a student there.
He said that he was a student there.
He said that he had been a student here.
He told that he was a student there.
Correct Answer: A) He said that he had been a student there.
Explanation: Simple past (‘was’) changes to past perfect (‘had been’). ‘Here’ changes to ‘there’.
45. She said, “Thank you.”
She said that thank you.
She told me thank you.
She thanked me.
She was thankful to me.
Correct Answer: C) She thanked me.
Explanation: Similar to ‘Congratulations’, ‘Thank you’ is best reported by using the verb ‘thanked’. An object (‘me’) is implied and added.
46. The Prime Minister said, “No one will be left behind.”
The Prime Minister said that no one would be left behind.
The Prime Minister said that no one will be left behind.
The Prime Minister says that no one would be left behind.
The Prime Minister promised that no one will be left behind.
Correct Answer: A) The Prime Minister said that no one would be left behind.
Explanation: The reporting verb ‘said’ is in the past. Therefore, ‘will’ in the direct speech changes to ‘would’ in the indirect speech.
47. I said to the children, “Do not play with fire.”
I told the children do not play with fire.
I forbade the children to play with fire.
I advised the children not to play with fire.
Both B and C are correct.
Correct Answer: D) Both B and C are correct.
Explanation: A negative command or advice can be reported in two ways. Using ‘forbade’ (‘forbade them to play…’). Note that ‘not’ is not used with ‘forbade’. Or, using ‘advised’ or ‘told’ with ‘not to’ (‘advised them not to play…’). Both are correct.
48. He said, “I shall go as soon as it is possible.”
He said that he would go as soon as it was possible.
He said that he should go as soon as it was possible.
He said that he will go as soon as it is possible.
He said that he would go as soon as it is possible.
Correct Answer: A) He said that he would go as soon as it was possible.
Explanation: ‘Shall’ with first person pronouns (I, we) showing simple future changes to ‘would’ when the subject in indirect speech becomes third person (‘he’). ‘is’ changes to ‘was’. Option B is incorrect because ‘should’ would imply duty, not simple future. Options A and D are identical, making A correct.
49. She said, “What a pity you missed the party!”
She exclaimed that it was a great pity I had missed the party.
She said what a pity I had missed the party.
She exclaimed with pity on missing the party.
She told with pity that I missed the party.
Correct Answer: A) She exclaimed that it was a great pity I had missed the party.
Explanation: This is an exclamatory sentence. ‘Said’ becomes ‘exclaimed’. The sentence is made assertive. ‘you missed’ (simple past) changes to ‘I had missed’ (past perfect), assuming ‘you’ refers to me. ‘It was a great pity’ correctly captures the essence of ‘What a pity’.
50. My cousin said, “My room-mate snored throughout the night.”
My cousin said that her room-mate had snored throughout the night.
My cousin said that her room-mate snored throughout the night.
My cousin told me that her room-mate snored throughout the night.
My cousin said that her room-mate has snored throughout the night.
Correct Answer: A) My cousin said that her room-mate had snored throughout the night.
Explanation: The reporting verb ‘said’ is in the past. The simple past tense (‘snored’) in the direct speech changes to the past perfect tense (‘had snored’) in the indirect speech. The pronoun ‘My’ changes to ‘her’ (assuming the cousin is female).
51. The priest said to me, “You have committed a sin.”
The priest told me that I had committed a sin.
The priest told me that you have committed a sin.
The priest said I had committed a sin.
The priest told me that I have committed a sin.
Correct Answer: A) The priest told me that I had committed a sin.
Explanation: ‘said to’ changes to ‘told’. Present perfect (‘have committed’) changes to past perfect (‘had committed’). ‘You’ changes to ‘I’ corresponding to the object ‘me’.
52. “How clever of you to have solved the puzzle so quickly!” said the mother.
The mother exclaimed admiringly that it was very clever of him to have solved the puzzle so quickly.
The mother told him that he was clever to solve the puzzle quickly.
The mother exclaimed that he is very clever to solve the puzzle.
The mother asked how clever he was to have solved the puzzle.
Correct Answer: A) The mother exclaimed admiringly that it was very clever of him to have solved the puzzle so quickly.
Explanation: The exclamatory sentence expressing admiration is reported using ‘exclaimed admiringly’. The sentence structure is changed to assertive. ‘you’ is changed to ‘him’ (or ‘her’). The perfect infinitive ‘to have solved’ remains unchanged.
53. He said, “They were waiting for the bus when I arrived.”
He said that they were waiting for the bus when he arrived.
He said that they had been waiting for the bus when he had arrived.
He said that they were waiting for the bus when he had arrived.
He said that they had been waiting for the bus when he arrived.
Correct Answer: D) He said that they had been waiting for the bus when he arrived.
Explanation: The past continuous (‘were waiting’) changes to past perfect continuous (‘had been waiting’). The simple past in the time clause (‘arrived’) often remains unchanged to preserve the time sequence. ‘I’ changes to ‘he’.
54. “Would you like a cup of tea?” she said to me.
She asked me if I would like a cup of tea.
She offered me a cup of tea.
She told me to have a cup of tea.
Both A and B are correct.
Correct Answer: D) Both A and B are correct.
Explanation: “Would you like…” is a polite offer. It can be reported as a standard question using ‘asked if…’ (Option A). A more natural and concise way is to use the verb ‘offered’ (Option B). Both are perfectly acceptable.
55. He said to me, “What did you eat for breakfast this morning?”
He asked me what I had eaten for breakfast that morning.
He asked me what did I eat for breakfast that morning.
He asked me what I ate for breakfast this morning.
He told me what I had eaten for breakfast that morning.
Correct Answer: A) He asked me what I had eaten for breakfast that morning.
Explanation: This is a WH-question. ‘said to’ changes to ‘asked’. Simple past (‘did you eat’) changes to past perfect (‘I had eaten’). The interrogative structure becomes assertive. ‘this morning’ changes to ‘that morning’.
56. My mother says, “If you work hard, you will succeed.”
My mother says that if I work hard, I will succeed.
My mother says that if I worked hard, I would succeed.
My mother said that if I worked hard, I would succeed.
My mother says that if you work hard, you would succeed.
Correct Answer: A) My mother says that if I work hard, I will succeed.
Explanation: The reporting verb ‘says’ is in the present tense. Therefore, the tenses in the conditional clause do not change. The pronoun ‘you’ changes to ‘I’ (assuming she is talking to me).
57. The old lady said, “I was watering the plants.”
The old lady said that she was watering the plants.
The old lady said that she has been watering the plants.
The old lady said that she had been watering the plants.
The old lady said that she watered the plants.
Correct Answer: C) The old lady said that she had been watering the plants.
Explanation: The past continuous tense (‘was watering’) changes to the past perfect continuous tense (‘had been watering’). ‘I’ changes to ‘she’.
58. The student said to the teacher, “Please explain this chapter again.”
The student told the teacher to please explain that chapter again.
The student requested the teacher to explain that chapter again.
The student asked the teacher to explain this chapter again.
The student requested the teacher that he should explain that chapter again.
Correct Answer: B) The student requested the teacher to explain that chapter again.
Explanation: ‘Please’ indicates a request, so ‘said to’ becomes ‘requested’. The word ‘please’ is removed. The verb becomes an infinitive (‘to explain’). ‘This’ changes to ‘that’.
59. He said, “Bravo! You have done well.”
He exclaimed with joy that I had done well.
He applauded him, saying that he had done well.
He told him that he has done well.
He said bravo that he had done well.
Correct Answer: B) He applauded him, saying that he had done well.
Explanation: ‘Bravo’ expresses approval or applause. The best reporting verb is ‘applauded’. The structure ‘applauded [object], saying that…’ is a very common and correct way to report this. Present perfect (‘have done’) changes to past perfect (‘had done’). ‘You’ becomes ‘he’.
60. “Where did you go last night?” my friend asked.
My friend asked where I went last night.
My friend asked where I had gone the previous night.
My friend asked where did I go the previous night.
My friend asked me where I had gone last night.
Correct Answer: B) My friend asked where I had gone the previous night.
Explanation: This is a WH-question. Simple past (‘did you go’) changes to past perfect (‘I had gone’). The structure becomes assertive. ‘last night’ changes to ‘the previous night’.
61. He said, “I can’t help you at the moment.”
He said that he couldn’t help me at that moment.
He said that he can’t help me at the moment.
He said that he wouldn’t help me at that moment.
He told that he couldn’t help me at that moment.
Correct Answer: A) He said that he couldn’t help me at that moment.
Explanation: ‘can’t’ changes to ‘couldn’t’. ‘you’ changes to ‘me’ (assuming he’s talking to the narrator). ‘at the moment’ changes to ‘at that moment’.
62. The girl said, “I must go to Delhi next week.”
The girl said that she must go to Delhi the following week.
The girl said that she would have to go to Delhi the following week.
The girl said that she had to go to Delhi next week.
Both A and B are correct.
Correct Answer: B) The girl said that she would have to go to Delhi the following week.
Explanation: When ‘must’ refers to a future compulsion, it is changed to ‘would have to’. ‘Next week’ changes to ‘the following week’. While option A might seem plausible, ‘would have to’ is the more precise conversion for future necessity.
63. I said to my brother, “Let’s go to some hill station for a change.”
I asked my brother to go to some hill station for a change.
I suggested to my brother that we should go to some hill station for a change.
I told my brother that let’s go to some hill station.
I permitted my brother to go to some hill station.
Correct Answer: B) I suggested to my brother that we should go to some hill station for a change.
Explanation: “Let’s” (Let us) introduces a suggestion. The reporting verb becomes ‘suggested’. The structure ‘suggested to [object] that we should…’ is used.
64. The manager said, “Well done, boys! You have completed the project on time.”
The manager applauded the boys, saying that they had completed the project on time.
The manager told the boys well done and that they have completed the project.
The manager said well done to the boys for completing the project on time.
The manager praised the boys that you had completed the project on time.
Correct Answer: A) The manager applauded the boys, saying that they had completed the project on time.
Explanation: “Well done” is an expression of praise or applause. ‘Applauded’ is the most suitable verb. Present perfect (‘have completed’) changes to past perfect (‘had completed’). ‘You’ changes to ‘they’.
65. He said, “I will do it now or never.”
He said that he would do it now or never.
He said that he will do it then or never.
He said that he would do it then or never.
He said that he would have done it then or never.
Correct Answer: C) He said that he would do it then or never.
Explanation: ‘will’ changes to ‘would’. ‘now’ changes to ‘then’. The phrase ‘now or never’ becomes ‘then or never’.
66. The teacher says, “Honesty is the best policy.”
The teacher says that honesty was the best policy.
The teacher said that honesty is the best policy.
The teacher says that honesty is the best policy.
The teacher tells that honesty was the best policy.
Correct Answer: C) The teacher says that honesty is the best policy.
Explanation: Two rules apply here. First, the reporting verb ‘says’ is in the present tense, so the tense inside does not change. Second, “Honesty is the best policy” is a universal truth/proverb, so its tense wouldn’t change even if the reporting verb were in the past.
67. “What a terrible storm it is!” she said.
She exclaimed that it was a terrible storm.
She exclaimed what a terrible storm it was.
She exclaimed that it is a terrible storm.
She exclaimed that it was a very terrible storm.
Correct Answer: D) She exclaimed that it was a very terrible storm.
Explanation: In exclamatory sentences starting with ‘What a…’, we often add ‘very’ or ‘great’ before the adjective in the indirect speech to convey the intensity. ‘is’ changes to ‘was’. While A is not entirely wrong, D is a better and more complete conversion.
68. The spectator said, “Long live the King!”
The spectator wished that the King’s life may be long.
The spectator prayed that the King might live long.
The spectator said that the King might live long.
The spectator prayed for the King to live long.
Correct Answer: B) The spectator prayed that the King might live long.
Explanation: This is an optative sentence expressing a wish or prayer. The structure “Long live…” is converted to “…might live long”. ‘Said’ changes to ‘prayed’ or ‘wished’.
99. He said, “I have to finish this assignment by tomorrow.”
He said that he had to finish that assignment by the next day.
He said that he has to finish this assignment by tomorrow.
He said that he had had to finish that assignment by the next day.
He said that he would have to finish that assignment by tomorrow.
Correct Answer: A) He said that he had to finish that assignment by the next day.
Explanation: ‘have to’ (present obligation) changes to ‘had to’ (past obligation). ‘this’ changes to ‘that’, and ‘tomorrow’ changes to ‘the next day’. Option C (‘had had to’) would be the conversion for a direct speech that was already in the past (‘I had to finish…’).
100. “Which way should I go?” asked the little girl.
The little girl asked which way she should go.
The little girl asked that which way should she go.
The little girl asked which way she had to go.
The little girl enquired about the way to go.
Correct Answer: A) The little girl asked which way she should go.
Explanation: This is a WH-question. The modal ‘should’ usually remains unchanged in indirect speech. The interrogative structure (‘should I go’) changes to the assertive structure (‘she should go’).